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Siobhain McDonagh: What is happening to women in fformer war zone is not acceptable |
Facing life after the war in Sri Lanka by Siobhain McDonagh, Member of Parliament (UK) @ UNHRC on 11.03, 2013
Ladies and Gentlemen. Invited dignitaries and guests. Friends.
I am very grateful to have been given the opportunity to speak at today’s event.
I
never thought, when I became a British Member of Parliament for my
constituency of Mitcham & Morden in 1997, that I would at some stage
be addressing a UN Human Rights Council meeting in Geneva, on the
plight of Tamil women in North Sri Lanka.
However, the situation of the Tamils on the
island is now one that is very close to my heart. It is because of the
Tamil community in my constituency that I became involved in the Tamil
cause. The information that I have received from them, particularly the
horror stories described from the final months of the armed conflict in
2008/2009, have had a lasting effect on me.
Yet the human rights
violations of Tamils did not stop when the war ended. The culture of
impunity on the island has meant that the rights of Tamil men and women,
and indeed those of many others who stand up to the Rajapaksa regime,
are dishonoured and abused to this day.
On Friday 8th March, we celebrated International Women’s Day.
A
time not only to celebrate the contribution of women to social,
political, cultural and domestic life in all countries around the world,
but also to serve as an important reminder that in many places the
fundamental rights of so many women are still at risk.
This
year’s United Nations International Women’s Day theme is ‘A promise is a
promise: Time for action to end violence against women’.
One such country where promises are made but easily broken is Sri Lanka.
In
May 2009, a mere matter of days following the brutal end of the armed
conflict, President Rajapaksa gave a set of public assurances to the UN
Secretary-General.
the economic and political empowerment of the Tamil majority north and east of the island would be secured;
work would get underway to build a lasting political settlement;
t he promotion and protection of human rights would be a priority;
and measures would be taken to address the violations of international humanitarian and human rights law during the war.
However in the almost four years since that statement was made, those promises have not been fulfilled.
It
should come as no surprise, therefore, that similar such assurances to
combat violence against women in Sri Lanka, particularly those in the
former conflict areas of the North and East, have been broken too.
At
the UN review of Sri Lanka’s human rights record in November 2012, the
Sri Lankan delegation claimed that the ‘protection of women and
advancement of their rights has been a cornerstone of Government policy
in the post-conflict phase’.
However it is impossible to take the Government of Sri Lanka at its word. Gender based violence was used as a weapon of war.
The
Sri Lanka’s Killing Fields documentary series has provided compelling
evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the
conflict. I am so pleased that Callum Macrae and his team have been able
to preview their latest film, ‘No Fire Zone’, in Geneva, in spite of
the protests from Sri Lanka.
The images shown in these
documentaries are among the most harrowing ever to appear on screen and
included footage of dead female Tamil combatants and others who appear
to have been sexually abused and then murdered by the State security
forces.
In the months following the end of the armed conflict, over 300,000 people were herded into internal displacement camps.
Numerous
reports emerged of the intimidation, harassment and sexual abuse
committed against women whilst there. ‘The Australian’ newspaper was
just one of a number of media organisations, who reported on the
creation of prostitution rings “run by officials” within IDP camps.
However
the vulnerability of women was not only confined within these camps,
but has become a predominant feature in the lives of women.
Given
the extensive loss of life in the final months of the armed conflict
alone, which resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians,
with many more unaccounted for, there are up to 90,000 war widows
heading up households in the region.
Since May 2009, the north and east have been militarised by the State.
The militarisation of the region may suggest an increased level of security for the inhabitants.
However the reverse has been true.
The current environment has posed a particular threat to the many Tamil female headed family households.
Although
the military camps are closed, many people have been unable to return
to their lands, houses and livelihoods. Relief aid to these people is
unreliable, and the displaced women have arrived back, often with no
assets or limited skills. The atmosphere of occupation by the army has
made it all but impossible for the Tamil community to provide services.
In
September 2012, India’s ‘Hindu’ newspaper reported an “overwhelming
presence” of the military, with the Sri Lankan army “deploying 16 out of
its 19 divisions in the Tamil-dominated regions”. Through its vast
network of checkpoints, between and within villages and towns, the
security services are able to restrict the movement of residents and
monitor their activities.
Tamil women are, therefore, forced to
negotiate their lives with the soldiers in the region – and are subject
to regular abuse. According to the International Crisis Group, “women
in Sri Lanka’s predominantly Tamil-speaking north and east are facing a
desperate lack of security in the aftermath of the long civil war.
[…]The fact that women must rely on the military for everyday needs not
only puts them at greater risk of gender-based violence, but also
prevents them from building their own capacity within communities”.
Whilst
the Government of Sri Lanka has said that ‘any correlation between
military presence and sexual violence is unfounded’, credible reports
from governments, international human rights organisations and
representatives of the Tamil people in Sri Lanka state otherwise.
The
Tamil National Alliance (TNA) has reported on the “increasing number of
sexual assaults carried out against women and girls in the Jaffna,
Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts, often by government officials and
the military. The brutality with which these assaults are carried out is
especially disturbing”.
The UK’s High Commissioner to Sri Lanka,
Mr John Rankin, has “discussed rising crime rates for violence against
women with the police in these regions and more generally”.
And
according to the European Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights,
“the fact that the military are increasingly taking over police duties,
meaning that women and girls would have to address complaints directly
to the perpetrators […] [they, therefore] avoid speaking out due to fear
of stigmatization, threats and possible further attacks”.
The
high number of female headed households and the restricted livelihood
opportunities open to women – due in large part to the military’s
involvement in economic activities – means that “prostitution and the
emergence of brothels [are] on the increase in the Vanni […with] the
primary clientele compris[ing] both local men and the military”. ‘Sri
Lanka Brief’ have stated in their latest human rights report.
Tamil
women have also been coerced into joining the armed forces. Young women
from female-headed families or families with five or more members have
been targeted, falsely informed that they would be engaging in clerical
work and then taken to military camps for training, not being allowed to
leave.
This is unacceptable.
At least 20 recent,
forced recruits, many of whom were unconscious, were admitted to
Kilinochchi district hospital in December 2012 and no-one was allowed to
meet them whilst they were there, including family, friends and
representatives from the TNA.
As the Women’s Action Network
(WAN), a collective of 11 women's groups from the North and the East,
stated at the time “this situation raises grave concerns regarding the
role of the state and the military in the lives of women, […] and the
continued security of these women while in service”.
International
Crisis Group has said previously that “the international response to
women’s insecurity [in Sri Lanka] has been unnecessarily muted”.
With
international NGOs unable to freely monitor the situation and treatment
of women in the North and East, due to restrictions imposed by the
Government and security forces, the true scale of abuse, destitution and
desperation suffered by women in the region is very difficult to
assess.
However, the evidence of abuses described, as well as
the findings from Human Rights Watch most recent report, which details
sexual violence against Tamil women and men by Sri Lankan security
forces in detention centres, serves to highlight why it is incumbent
upon the international community and the United Nations in particular to
speak out about what is happening in Sri Lanka.
As the International Women’s Day states, it is time for action to end violence against women.
Therefore,
it is most certainly time that Sri Lanka is held to account for its
actions and made to live up its international obligations to end state
sanctioned gender based violence.
To that end, I call on the Government of Sri Lanka to do the following:
Promote and protect women’s rights;
Take concrete actions to end gender based violence;
Cease and desist the coercion of Tamil women into the military;
Demilitarise the Tamil majority areas; restore complete civil
administration to all militarised government departments; and ensure
that the military desist from involvement in any economic activities
which undermine the livelihood opportunities for inhabitants,
particularly women, in Tamil areas.
I also urge the Government to
support the UN Women’s Initiative, which is calling on Governments
everywhere to COMMIT to end violence against women and girls.
However, if history has told us anything, then the Government are unlikely to do any of these things willingly.
Therefore,
I feel it is imperative that the international community, including the
United Nations and particularly this Council, must:
Remain seized of the situation in Sri Lanka
Call for the demilitarisation of Tamil majority areas;
ask the UN country team in Sri Lanka to monitor the ground realities for women the north and east;
AND be prepared to speak out against all cases of gender-based violence and gender inequalities in Sri Lanka.
In
addition, I urge all of you to support the establishment of
international, independent war crimes investigation in Sri Lanka. The
creation of such a mechanism would be a crucial step in ensuring
accountability, challenging the culture of impunity, and enabling
reconciliation.
This would, no doubt, have a huge, positive impact on the rights of all people, particularly Tamil women, in Sri Lanka.
Thank you.